This can also include a 'shutting off' process and withdrawal, or an increase in general responsiveness and sensitivity. Reactions can include memories, distress, numbing (reduced interest in previously significant activities and people), arousal leading to irritability and tension, avoidance, feeling a loss of control, anger, guilt, shame, sadness and a sense of loss. All of the above are common for anyone who has been through any traumatic experience, though the intensity will vary from person to person.

The majority of PTSD sufferers experience acute PTSD, where symptoms appear within and do not last for longer than six months of the originating stressor. The most common manifestation of PTSD, the acute form is also the category that holds the promise of the most optimistic results for helpers and therapists. Where symptoms develop early we are presented with the best opportunities for early diagnosis, intervention and treatment where appropriate.

The other forms of PTSD are a lot less common and present much more of a challenge. This is not to detract in any way the very real distress that can be experienced by the acute sufferer; it is merely stating a fact. These other forms include Chronic, Delayed, Delayed and chronic and also Conditioned Emotional Response.

PTSD can become complicated by anxiety and depression, and emotional apathy (the 'couldn't care less' attitude) and may eventually lead to the development of stress related physical symptoms. Although avoidance symptoms are normally present throughout, a delayed reaction may take the form of a re-experiencing of trauma. The good news is that many people report becoming more confident, stronger and more capable as a result of having overcome PTSD.